CUSTOMER SUCCESS STORY
Excimer Production of Superconducting Wires for Fusion Reactors
The Challenge
There is a growing demand for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire, often called tape, for use in magnetic fusion reactors (tokamaks and stellarators) the power grid (in cables, transformers, and other components) and instrumentation (accelerator magnets, NMR spectrometers and MRI systems). Fusion reactors, in particular, require very large amounts (thousands of km) of HTS tape to handle the very high current densities. Early HTS production methods were limited in volume and cost and could only produce wire with a limited current density rating. Faraday Factory Japan has developed a high-volume, economical method for producing HTS for high-field applications.
The Solution
They chose YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) as the superconducting material because it can handle a higher current density than other HTS materials. They then designed a multilayer tape utilizing a thin, strong Hastelloy substrate including layers of MgO and YBCO. A thickness of 2.4 μm was identified as optimum for the YBCO layer. The Faraday Factory Japan team decided to use pulsed laser deposition (PLD) powered by a 308nm excimer laser, to create the HTS layer because it is a well-proven method for depositing stoichiometric films (meaning that the composition of the original target material is preserved in the deposited film). This is important for high-field applications because Faraday Factory Japan had decided to load the YBCO target with an excess of Y2O3 to minimize defects and maximize current density. The Coherent LEAP 300C excimer laser was chosen as the PLD source for several reasons, according to Faraday Factory Japan’s Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Sergey Lee: “The LEAP 300C offers a unique combination of high (1 joule) pulse energy and 300 Hz repetition rate which gives us high throughput. Also, LEAP lasers have a well-established track record of 24/7 industrial reliability. This combination minimizes the true cost per laser watt and enables lower-cost, high-volume production of HTS wire.”
The Result
Using this cost-effective approach, Faraday Factory Japan a large fraction of HTS wire for use in the SPARC fusion reactor prototype. This was the largest volume delivery of HTS wire to date from any supplier. And, independent testing showed that the wire handles superior current density under high-field conditions.
“LEAP excimer lasers minimize the true cost per laser watt and enable lower-cost, high-volume production of HTS wire at Faraday Factory Japan."
— Dr. Sergey Lee, CEO, Faraday Factory Japan, Sagamihara, Japan
Figure 1: Faraday Factory Japan developed a high-volume, economical method for producing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire for high-field applications.
Figure 2: Scaling up LEAP laser based PLD manufacturing of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes at Faraday Factory Japan.